Quick answer

For a child under 16, you need a document that lists the child's parents or legal guardians, usually the child's birth certificate, or a court order or adoption decree. Both parents give consent, either in person or with Form DS-3053 from the parent who can't be there.

What counts

  • The child's birth certificate that names the parents. It often also serves as proof of citizenship.
  • An adoption decree naming the adopting parents.
  • A court order establishing custody or guardianship.
  • Both parents in person with Form DS-11.
  • One parent in person, plus Form DS-3053 signed by the other parent in front of a notary, with a copy of that parent's ID.
  • Sole authority: if one parent has sole custody, or the other parent has died, send the court order or death certificate instead.

Common mistakes

  • A DS-3053 that isn't notarized, or without a copy of the absent parent's ID.
  • A birth certificate that doesn't list both parents when both are needed.
  • A guardian without the court order showing their authority.

Ages 16 and 17: different rules apply. Teens apply in person with Form DS-11, and a parent's awareness or ID may be requested.

Official rules: State Department page on children's passports under 16.